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Alexandra-Ramona, Mosor. “THE PERFECT AGE FOR AN OSCAR PRIZE: GENDER AND AGE DIFFERENCES AMONG WINNERS.” Revista Română de Sociologie [Bucuresti], vol. 33, no. 1/2, 2022, pp. 139–54. Accessed 6 Feb. 2026.
Allen, Brooke. “Diverse Fare.” The Hudson Review, vol. 69, no. 1, 2016, pp. 94–100. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24757257. Accessed 6 Feb. 2026.
Atkinson, Sarah. “Digital Film Production Representations.” From Film Practice to Data Process: Production Aesthetics and Representational Practices of a Film Industry in Transition, Edinburgh University Press, 2018, pp. 141–77. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1tqxv49.10. Accessed 6 Feb. 2026.
Bamman, David, et al. “Measuring Diversity in Hollywood through the Large-Scale Computational Analysis of Film.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), vol. 121, no. 46, 2024, e2409770121. PMC, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11573682/. Accessed 6 Feb. 2026.
Bielby, Denise D., and William T. Bielby. “Women and Men in Film: Gender Inequality among Writers in a Culture Industry.” Gender and Society, vol. 10, no. 3, 1996, pp. 248–70. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/189696. Accessed 6 Feb. 2026.
Chattoo, Caty Borum. “Oscars So White: Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Diversity and Social Issues in U.S. Documentary Films (2008–2017).” Mass Communication and Society, vol. 21, no. 3, May 2018, pp. 368-94. Taylor & Francis Online, https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2017.1409356. Accessed 6 Feb. 2026.
Davé, Shilpa. “Racial Accents, Hollywood Casting, and Asian American Studies.” Cinema Journal, vol. 56, no. 3, 2017, pp. 142–47. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44867828. Accessed 6 Feb. 2026.
Eagan, Owen, and Kenneth Grout. “Oscar Is a Man: Sexism and the Academy Awards.” Advocating United Nations Sustainable Goals Through Strategic Diplomacy, no. 48, 2020, Tripodos, https://tripodos.com/index.php/Facultat_Comunicacio_Blanquerna/article/view/891. Accessed 6 Feb. 2026.
Erigha, Maryann. “Representation and Racial Hierarchy.” The Hollywood Jim Crow: The Racial Politics of the Movie Industry, NYU Press, 2019, pp. 23–51. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv12pnngj.5. Accessed 6 Feb. 2026.
Eschholz, Sarah, Jana Bufkin, and Jenny Long. “Symbolic Reality Bites: Women and Racial/Ethnic Minorities in Modern Film.” Sociological Spectrum, vol. 22, no. 3, 2002, pp. 299–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/02732170290062658. Accessed 6 Feb. 2026.
Herbert, Daniel. “‘Evolutions of Identity’: New Line and the Transformative 1990s.” Maverick Movies: New Line Cinema and the Transformation of American Film, 1st ed., University of California Press, 2024, pp. 79–112. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.7794626.7. Accessed 6 Feb. 2026.
King, Rachel P. “Why More Oscar Diversity Won’t Solve Hollywood’s Whiteness Problem.” Contexts, vol. 15, no. 3, 2016, pp. 64–66. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26370413. Accessed 6 Feb. 2026.
Lincoln, Anne E., and Michael Patrick Allen. “Double Jeopardy in Hollywood: Age and Gender in the Careers of Film Actors, 1926–1999.” Sociological Forum, vol. 19, no. 4, Dec. 2004, pp. 611–631. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/4148831. Accessed 6 Feb. 2026.
Peña, Pablo A. “Does age help or hurt Oscar-nominated actors’ chances of winning a statuette?”. Economics Letters, col. 254, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112483. Accessed 6 Feb. 2026
Saraiva, Miguel. “Oscars Won by the Best Picture of the Year: An Empirical Analysis Across the History of Academy Awards (1929–2023).” Empirical Studies of the Arts, vol. 43, no. 1, Jan. 2025, pp. 44–76. SAGE Journals, https://doi.org/10.1177/02762374231212136. Accessed 6 Feb. 2026.
Sarkissian, Raffi. “‘To Hell with Dreams’: Resisting Controlling Narratives through Oscar Season.” Popular Culture and the Civic Imagination: Case Studies of Creative Social Change, edited by Henry Jenkins et al., NYU Press, 2020, pp. 68–76. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1jk0j2f.9. Accessed 6 Feb. 2026.
Staton, Torri. “From the Editorial Board: Free Thought or the Absence of Thought? Critical Media Literacy in the Age of Social Media.” The High School Journal, vol. 101, no. 4, 2018, pp. 213–16. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26785820 Accessed 6 Feb. 2026.
Yuen, Nancy Wang. “HOLLYWOOD’S WHITEST.” Reel Inequality: Hollywood Actors and Racism, Rutgers University Press, 2017, pp. 19–48. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1kc6jvm.5. Accessed 6 Feb. 2026.
Image Credits
Bogle, Elizabeth Cozart. The Oscar. 20 Jan. 2021. Flickr, flic.kr/p/2ksduGF.
Cozart, Elizabeth. Academy Award. 20 Apr. 2008. Flickr, flic.kr/p/4PKCpi.
Halle Berry in Elie Saab. EL PAÍS, 2023, imagenes.elpais.com/resizer/v2/WWHY2PBW4NGN3AMKFF3N2VJC2U.jpg.
Lina Wertmüller at the Academy Awards. The Guardian, 2021, i.guim.co.uk/img/media/3faa8b47c1b6139d0f850b4454fd57e7ffbc0df2/0_362_2287_1371/master/2287.jpg.
Moonlight Poster Art. UK Film Review, 2017, static.wixstatic.com/media/b19cd0_58ee9bb1e7bf421a89a30355a607fe72~mv2.jpg.
Oscars 1953 Ceremony. The Hollywood Reporter, 2014, www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/1086_022415_1952.jpg.
Rita Moreno with Her Oscar, 1962. The New York Times, 2022, static01.nyt.com/images/2022/03/14/arts/11oscars-1962/11oscars-1962-superJumbo.jpg.